標(biāo)題就是文章的名字。不管是人名、地名、書(shū)名、電影名、動(dòng)物名、植物名還是其他事物的名稱(chēng)都是名詞,所以文章的標(biāo)題也應(yīng)該以名詞或名詞性的詞組或結(jié)構(gòu)為主——這是對(duì)標(biāo)題的基本認(rèn)識(shí),也是對(duì)標(biāo)題的基本語(yǔ)法要求。重慶翻譯公司明確這一點(diǎn)很重要,否則就無(wú)法理解下面的標(biāo)題語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。
1. 名詞做標(biāo)題
⑴ 名詞做標(biāo)題時(shí),要注意是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。
不可數(shù)名詞做標(biāo)題時(shí),前面可加定冠詞,但一般可省略。如:The water 或Water
可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)做標(biāo)題時(shí),前面一般須加定冠詞the 或不定冠詞a,如不加冠詞,則須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這是較審慎的用法,要求我們的報(bào)紙采用。如:
The panda,Pandas(用于介紹熊貓這一類(lèi)動(dòng)物的文章)
A panda(用于關(guān)于一只熊貓的故事的文章)
A NEW ENGLISH-CHINESE DICTIONARY(《新英漢詞典》)
THE ENGLISH-CHINESE DICTIONARY(《英漢大詞典》)
A PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR(《實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》)
有時(shí)(特別是國(guó)外的出版物)冠詞也有省略的情況。如:
OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER’S ENGLISH-CHINESEDICTIONARY (《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》)LONGMAN DICTIONARY OFCONTEMPORARY ENGLISH
⑵ 具體名詞的抽象化
當(dāng)用做標(biāo)題的具體名詞不是指某一具體事物而是指一個(gè)抽象概念時(shí),這個(gè)具體名詞就被抽象化了。抽象化的具體名詞做標(biāo)題時(shí)前面不加冠詞。如:
Computer(用于內(nèi)容為關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)這一現(xiàn)代辦公機(jī)器而不是指具體的某一臺(tái)電腦的文章)
Television (用于內(nèi)容為關(guān)于電視這一現(xiàn)代傳媒而不是指具體的某一臺(tái)電視機(jī)的文章)
Bicycle(用于內(nèi)容為關(guān)于自行車(chē)這一交通工具而不是指具體的某一輛自行車(chē)的文章)
當(dāng)然,把這些詞仍然看作具體名詞,用The computer / Thetelevision / The bicycle或Computers / Televisions /Bicycles也是正確的。
2.動(dòng)詞做標(biāo)題
動(dòng)詞做標(biāo)題時(shí)有兩種情況:
⑴ 以動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的祈使句做標(biāo)題時(shí),動(dòng)詞用原形,后面的感嘆號(hào)可有可無(wú)。如:
Go for it(!) Don’tbe late(!) Be modest(!)
⑵ 動(dòng)詞或以動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的詞組做標(biāo)題時(shí),動(dòng)詞不能用原形,要用動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞形式。至于到底用動(dòng)詞不定式還是動(dòng)名詞,要根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容及動(dòng)詞詞組在文章中的作用確定。如:
Learning English,Englishlearning(動(dòng)名詞詞組,文章內(nèi)容是有關(guān)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的)
To learn English(動(dòng)詞不定式,在文章中表示目的)
3.陳述句做標(biāo)題
⑴ 陳述句做標(biāo)題時(shí)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般不用其他時(shí)態(tài)的完整形式。如:
Yao Ming visits Taiwan Rainy days makeme sad
其他時(shí)態(tài)的陳述句做標(biāo)題時(shí)須做以下處理:
① 進(jìn)行時(shí)常省去助動(dòng)詞be (am / is / are / was / were)。如:
The earth is becoming warmer → (The)Earthbecoming warmer
② 完成時(shí)常變?yōu)橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:
The UK queen has arrived in Australia →(The)UK queen arrives in Australia
⑵ 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的陳述句做標(biāo)題時(shí),常省略助動(dòng)詞be。如:
More than 100 people were killed in theearthquake → More than 100 (people) killed in (the) earthquake
The US policies are increasingly criticized→ (The)US policies increasingly criticized
⑶ 表示將要發(fā)生的事一般采用動(dòng)詞不定式。如:
President Hu will visit Russia → PresidentHu to visit Russia
Premier Wen is going to visit Australia →Premier Wen to visit Australia
4.疑問(wèn)句做標(biāo)題
⑴ 一般疑問(wèn)句做標(biāo)題。如:Are you happy? Can you come tomy party?
⑵ 特殊疑問(wèn)句做標(biāo)題,既可以用原句,也可以加以改寫(xiě):
① 改寫(xiě)為“How / Wh-words + 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
How do you study for a test? → How to studyfor a test(?)
Why do you learn English? → Why to learnEnglish(?)
Where can I get a dictionary? → Where toget a dictionary(?)
② 改寫(xiě)為名詞性從句結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
How does a computer work? → How a computer works
Why does the sun rise in the east? → Whythe sun rises in the east
③ 改寫(xiě)為一個(gè)名詞性詞組。如:
What’s the best radio station? → The bestradio station
Which is the way to the airport? → The wayto the airport
注意:并不是任何一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句都可以改寫(xiě)為上述三種形式的任何一種,要根據(jù)原句的結(jié)構(gòu)具體選擇。
5.感嘆句做標(biāo)題
感嘆句做標(biāo)題也可以用其省略形式。如:
How beautiful the flowers are! → Howbeautiful!
What a nice girl she is! → What a nicegirl!
6.詞組做標(biāo)題
各種詞組、短語(yǔ)也可以做標(biāo)題:
⑴ 物主代詞+名詞
My family, My hometown, My dream,My mother
⑵ 形容詞+名詞
A frightening experience, Bigcities and small towns
⑶ 名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)
Sports in China, Lenin in 1918, Aday at school
⑷ 名詞+名詞 E
nglish study, Work days, Schoollife, Summer vocation
⑸ 名詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
The days to come, Englishteaching,
⑹ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+名詞
Sleeping beauty, Destroyedforests, Sleeping bags
⑺ 介詞+名詞
In China, For your good, By air, Onpractice, Between you and me
⑻ 不定代詞+形容詞
Something important, Nobodylost, Anything new?
7.其他結(jié)構(gòu)做標(biāo)題
⑴ 獨(dú)詞句做標(biāo)題 Why? Who? Yes! No!
⑵ 從句做標(biāo)題 If I have one million dollars! Whenyou go abroad
⑶ 復(fù)合句做標(biāo)題 Speak out when you have an idea! Iused to be shy when I was a child
⑷ 中心詞帶從句的標(biāo)題 A book that helpedme a lot; The school I studied in